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définitions

A (n.)

1.the 1st letter of the Roman alphabet

2.the blood group whose red cells carry the A antigen

3.the basic unit of electric current adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites"a typical household circuit carries 15 to 50 amps"

4.a metric unit of length equal to one ten billionth of a meter (or 0.0001 micron); used to specify wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation

5.(biochemistry) purine base found in DNA and RNA; pairs with thymine in DNA and with uracil in RNA

6.one of the four nucleotides used in building DNA; all four nucleotides have a common phosphate group and a sugar (ribose)

7.any of several fat-soluble vitamins essential for normal vision; prevents night blindness or inflammation or dryness of the eyes

as (adv.)

1.to the same degree (often followed by `as')"they were equally beautiful" "birds were singing and the child sang as sweetly" "sang as sweetly as a nightingale" "he is every bit as mean as she is"

AS (n.)

1.a United States territory on the eastern part of the island of Samoa

As (n.)

1.a very poisonous metallic element that has three allotropic forms; arsenic and arsenic compounds are used as herbicides and insecticides and various alloys; found in arsenopyrite and orpiment and realgar

 

voir aussi

as (adv.)

equal

 

synonymes

a (dét.)

a certain, an

as (adv.)

equally, every bit

as (cnj.) (colloquial)

than

as (prp.)

for, like, such as

 

locutions

-a hundred times as large • act as • act as a go-between • act as a mediator • act as if • act as speaker • addressing someone as "vous" • also known as • as .. as • as a consequence • as a consequence of • as a formality • as a group • as a matter of course • as a matter of fact • as a matter of principle • as a result • as a result of • as a rule • as a team • as a whole • as against • as an alternative • as an example • as an exception • as best as possible • as best one can • as blind as a bat • as cold as ice • as desired • as expected • as far as • as far as .. is concerned • as far as I'm concerned • as far as he is concerned • as far as he's concerned • as far as possible • as far as she is concerned • as far as she's concerned • as far as they are concerned • as far as we're concerned • as far as you are concerned • as few as possible • as follows • as for • as for content • as for me • as for us • as friends • as from • as good as • as hard as rock • as hard as steel • as if • as if by magic • as it is • as it should be • as it were • as little as • as little as possible • as long as • as luck would have it • as many • as many as possible • as matter of fact • as much • as much as • as much as possible • as needed • as of • as old as Methuselah • as old as the hills • as opposed to • as quick as lightning • as regards • as regards content • as regards health • as required • as slippery as glass • as soon as • as such • as sweet as honey • as the crow flies • as thick as two planks • as thick as two short planks • as to • as usual • as was common • as we say • as well • as well as • as white as a sheet • as yet • be as good as dead • be as good as one's word • be every bit as good as • be just as good as • be not as good as • be on the same wavelength as • be pleased as Punch • be silent as the grave • bright as a new penny • consider as • dead as a doornail • deaf as a post • disguise as • dress up as • dull as ditchwater • earn a living as • endorsement "value as security" • establish o.s. as • esteem as • even as • fine as gossamer • fit as a fiddle • function as • give as a pretext • give as an excuse • give as good as one gets • go-as-you-please • healthy as an ox • in as far as • in so far as • inasmuch as • insofar as • it looks to me as if • just as • just as .. as • just as little as • just as much as • known as • light as a feather • light as gossamer • look upon as • make a living as • make as if • much as • naked as a jaybird • naked as the day one was born • naked as the day you were born • not be in the same league as • not be in the same street as • part as an extra • pass o.s. off as • pay as you earn • pissed as a newt • pleased as Punch • pose as • regard as • regard as sacred • reveal oneself as • sell as a whole • serve as • set up as • sick as a dog • smart as a whip • so as to • so far as • strong as an ox • such as • sure as shooting • the story runs as follows • thin as gossamer • treat as equals • treat as equivalent • treat as equivalent to • view as • white as chalk

-2H-Benzo(a)quinolizin-2-ol, 2-Ethyl-1,3,4,6,7,11b-hexahydro-3-isobutyl-9,10-dimethoxy- • 7,8-Dihydro-7,8-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene 9,10-oxide • Acetyl Coenzyme A • Acyl Coenzyme A • alpha-Crystallin A Chain • Amino Acid Transport System A • Antimycin A • Apolipoprotein A-I • Apolipoprotein A-II • Apolipoproteins A • Bacteriochlorophyll A • Benz(a)Anthracenes • Benzo(a)pyrene • beta-Crystallin A Chain • Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate • Botulinum Toxin Type A • Brefeldin A • Calgranulin A • Carboxypeptidases A • Clostridium botulinum type A • Coenzyme A • Coenzyme A Ligases • Coenzyme A-Transferases • Concanavalin A • Cyclin A • Cyclophilin A • Cytochrome a Group • Cytochromes a • DNA, A-Form • Enterovirus A, Human • Fibrinopeptide A • Fowl adenovirus A • GB virus A • Gelatinase A • Genes, Intracisternal A-Particle • Hemoglobin A • Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated • Hemophilia A • Hepatitis A • Hepatitis A Antibodies • Hepatitis A Antigens • Hepatitis A Vaccines • Hepatitis A virus • Hepatitis A Virus, Human • Heterogeneous-Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein Group A-B • HLA-A Antigens • Hypervitaminosis A • Immunoglobulin A • Immunoglobulin A, Secretory • Influenza A virus • Influenza A Virus, Avian • Influenza A Virus, Human • Influenza A Virus, Porcine • Influenzavirus A • Lamin Type A • Lipid A • Lipoprotein(a) • Malonyl Coenzyme A • Medicare Part A • Mice, Inbred A • Neisseria meningitidis, Serogroup A • Neurokinin A • Palmitoyl Coenzyme A • Pepsin A • Pepsinogen A • Peptide-N4-(N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminyl) Asparagine Amidase • Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A • Phospholipases A • Phosphorylase a • Poly A • Poly(A)-Binding Protein I • Poly(A)-Binding Protein II • Poly(A)-Binding Proteins • Poly A-U • Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein-A • Prostaglandins A • Prostaglandins A, Synthetic • Proto-Oncogene Proteins A-raf • Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Protein A • Rec A Recombinases • Receptor, Cholecystokinin A • Receptor, Endothelin A • Receptors, Concanavalin A • Receptors, GABA-A • Salmonella paratyphi A • Serum Amyloid A Protein • SRS-A • Staphylococcal Protein A • Streptogramin A • Streptogramin Group A • Thromboxane-A Synthase • Transferrin-Binding Protein A • Type A Personality • Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A • Venombin A • Vitamin A • Vitamin A Deficiency

-Carbon-Nitrogen Ligases with Glutamine as Amide-N-Donor • Naphthol AS D Esterase

-individual title in a monographic seriesADBS

-EC category A staff • State of a Federation • access to a profession • adoption of a child • adoption of a law by vote • amendment of a law • commentary on a law • composition of a parliamentary committee • deposit on a polluting product • document for discussion at a sitting • expert's report ordered by a court • formation of a party • launching of a product • misuse of a right • passage of a bill • promulgation of a law • publication of a law • question put to a minister • reference to the EC Court of Justice for a preliminary ruling • registration of a company • retroactivity of a law • selling at a loss • termination of a contract • vote on a text as a whole

-vote on a text as a whole

 

dictionnaire analogique

A (n.)

wdn

A

A (n.)

a- (préf.)

wdn

a-

as (conj. de sub.)

wdn

as

as (conj. de sub.)

as (conj. de sub.)

as (conj. de sub.)

wdn

as

as (conj. de sub.)

as (conj. de sub.)

as (conj. de sub.) [colloquial]

as (n.)

wdn

as

 

Merriam-Webster (1913)

AA (named ā in the English, and most commonly ä in other languages). The first letter of the English and of many other alphabets. The capital A of the alphabets of Middle and Western Europe, as also the small letter (a), besides the forms in Italic, black letter, etc., are all descended from the old Latin A, which was borrowed from the Greek Alpha, of the same form; and this was made from the first letter (�) of the Phœnician alphabet, the equivalent of the Hebrew Aleph, and itself from the Egyptian origin. The Aleph was a consonant letter, with a guttural breath sound that was not an element of Greek articulation; and the Greeks took it to represent their vowel Alpha with the ä sound, the Phœnician alphabet having no vowel symbols.

This letter, in English, is used for several different vowel sounds. See Guide to pronunciation, §§ 43-74. The regular long a, as in fate, etc., is a comparatively modern sound, and has taken the place of what, till about the early part of the 17th century, was a sound of the quality of ä (as in far).

2. (Mus.) The name of the sixth tone in the model major scale (that in C), or the first tone of the minor scale, which is named after it the scale in A minor. The second string of the violin is tuned to the A in the treble staff. -- A sharp (A♯) is the name of a musical tone intermediate between A and B. -- A flat (A♭) is the name of a tone intermediate between A and G.

A per se (L. per se by itself), one preëminent; a nonesuch. [Obs.]

O fair Creseide, the flower and A per se
Of Troy and Greece.
Chaucer.

AA emph. ā).
1. [Shortened form of an. AS. ān one. See One.] An adjective, commonly called the indefinite article, and signifying one or any, but less emphatically. “At a birth”; “In a word”; “At a blow”. Shak. It is placed before nouns of the singular number denoting an individual object, or a quality individualized, before collective nouns, and also before plural nouns when the adjective few or the phrase great many or good many is interposed; as, a dog, a house, a man; a color; a sweetness; a hundred, a fleet, a regiment; a few persons, a great many days. It is used for an, for the sake of euphony, before words beginning with a consonant sound [for exception of certain words beginning with h, see An]; as, a table, a woman, a year, a unit, a eulogy, a ewe, a oneness, such a one, etc. Formally an was used both before vowels and consonants.

2. [Originally the preposition a (an, on).] In each; to or for each; as, “twenty leagues a day”, “a hundred pounds a year”, “a dollar a yard”, etc.

AA (ȧ), prep. [Abbreviated form of an (AS. on). See On.]
1. In; on; at; by. [Obs.]A God's name.” “Torn a pieces.” “Stand a tiptoe.” “A Sundays” Shak. “Wit that men have now a days.” Chaucer. “Set them a work.” Robynson (More's Utopia).

2. In process of; in the act of; into; to; -- used with verbal substantives in -ing which begin with a consonant. This is a shortened form of the preposition an (which was used before the vowel sound); as in a hunting, a building, a begging. “Jacob, when he was a dying” Heb. xi. 21. “We'll a birding together.” “ It was a doing.” Shak. “He burst out a laughing.” Macaulay. The hyphen may be used to connect a with the verbal substantive (as, a-hunting, a-building) or the words may be written separately. This form of expression is now for the most part obsolete, the a being omitted and the verbal substantive treated as a participle.

AA. [From AS. of off, from. See Of.] Of. [Obs.] “The name of John a Gaunt.” “What time a day is it ?” Shak. “It's six a clock.” B. Jonson.

AA. A barbarous corruption of have, of he, and sometimes of it and of they. “So would I a done” “A brushes his hat.” Shak.

AA. An expletive, void of sense, to fill up the meter

A merry heart goes all the day,
Your sad tires in a mile-a.
Shak.

A-A-. A, as a prefix to English words, is derived from various sources. (1) It frequently signifies on or in (from an, a forms of AS. on), denoting a state, as in afoot, on foot, abed, amiss, asleep, aground, aloft, away (AS. onweg), and analogically, ablaze, atremble, etc. (2) AS. of off, from, as in adown (AS. ofdūne off the dun or hill). (3) AS. ā- (Goth. us-, ur-, Ger. er-), usually giving an intensive force, and sometimes the sense of away, on, back, as in arise, abide, ago. (4) Old English y- or i- (corrupted from the AS. inseparable particle ge-, cognate with OHG. ga-, gi-, Goth. ga-), which, as a prefix, made no essential addition to the meaning, as in aware. (5) French à (L. ad to), as in abase, achieve. (6) L. a, ab, abs, from, as in avert. (7) Greek insep. prefix α without, or privative, not, as in abyss, atheist; akin to E. un-.

Besides these, there are other sources from which the prefix a takes its origin.

asas (ăz), adv. & conj. [OE. as, als, alse, also, al swa, AS. eal swā, lit. all so; hence, quite so, quite as: cf. G. als as, than, also so, then. See Also.]
1. Denoting equality or likeness in kind, degree, or manner; like; similar to; in the same manner with or in which; in accordance with; in proportion to; to the extent or degree in which or to which; equally; no less than; as, ye shall be as gods, knowing good and evil; you will reap as you sow; do as you are bidden.

His spiritual attendants adjured him, as he loved his soul, to emancipate his brethren. Macaulay.

As is often preceded by one of the antecedent or correlative words such, same, so, or as, in expressing an equality or comparison; as, give us such things as you please, and so long as you please, or as long as you please; he is not so brave as Cato; she is as amiable as she is handsome; come as quickly as possible. “Bees appear fortunately to prefer the same colors as we do.” Lubbock. As, in a preceding part of a sentence, has such or so to answer correlatively to it; as with the people, so with the priest.

2. In the idea, character, or condition of, -- limiting the view to certain attributes or relations; as, virtue considered as virtue; this actor will appear as Hamlet.

The beggar is greater as a man, than is the man merely as a king. Dewey.

3. While; during or at the same time that; when; as, he trembled as he spoke.

As I return I will fetch off these justices. Shak.

4. Because; since; it being the case that.

As the population of Scotland had been generally trained to arms . . . they were not indifferently prepared. Sir W. Scott.

[See Synonym under Because.]

5. Expressing concession. (Often approaching though in meaning).

We wish, however, to avail ourselves of the interest, transient as it may be, which this work has excited. Macaulay.

6. That, introducing or expressing a result or consequence, after the correlatives so and such. [Obs.]

I can place thee in such abject state, as help shall never find thee. Rowe.

So as, so that. [Obs.]
The relations are so uncertain as they require a great deal of examination. Bacon.

7. As if; as though. [Obs. or Poetic]

He lies, as he his bliss did know. Waller.

8. For instance; by way of example; thus; -- used to introduce illustrative phrases, sentences, or citations.

9. Than. [Obs. & R.]

The king was not more forward to bestow favors on them as they free to deal affronts to others their superiors. Fuller.

10. Expressing a wish. [Obs.]As have,” i. e., may he have. Chaucer.

As . . as. See So . . as, under So. -- As far as, to the extent or degree.As far as can be ascertained.” Macaulay. -- As far forth as, as far as. [Obs.] Chaucer. -- As for, or As to, in regard to; with respect to. -- As good as, not less than; not falling short of. -- As good as one's word, faithful to a promise. -- As if, or As though, of the same kind, or in the same condition or manner, that it would be if. -- As it were (as if it were), a qualifying phrase used to apologize for or to relieve some expression which might be regarded as inappropriate or incongruous; in a manner. -- As now, just now. [Obs.] Chaucer. -- As swythe, as quickly as possible. [Obs.] Chaucer. -- As well, also; too; besides. Addison. -- As well as, equally with, no less than. “I have understanding as well as you.” Job xii. 3. -- As yet, until now; up to or at the present time; still; now.

AsAs (�), n. [See Ace.] An ace. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Ambes-as, double aces.

AsAs (�), n.; pl. Asses (�). [L. as. See Ace.]
1. A Roman weight, answering to the libra or pound, equal to nearly eleven ounces Troy weight. It was divided into twelve ounces.

2. A Roman copper coin, originally of a pound weight (12 oz.); but reduced, after the first Punic war, to two ounces; in the second Punic war, to one ounce; and afterwards to half an ounce.

 

Wikipedia

A-

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Look up a- in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

A- can be:

  • A- (plane), a U.S. military aircraft prefix.
  • A- blood, blood type A negative.
  • A- grade, a letter grade in the four point grade system, above 'B+', but below an 'A' (see Grade (education)).
  • Privative a, a prefix expressing negation.
  • Ā
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org../../../a/-/_/A-.html"

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AS

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

You have new messages (last change).
Look up as in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Contents

  • 1 AS
  • 2 As
  • 3 aS
  • 4 as

AS, As, aS, or as may stand for:

AS

  • AS (automobile), a small French car
  • AS (newspaper), a Spanish sports newspaper
  • Acquisition Strategy, a high-level business and technical management approach designed to achieve program objectives within specified resource constraints
  • Actionscript, a programming language
  • Admittance Spectroscopy
  • Adult Swim, a late night comedy and action television block on the Cartoon Network
  • Advanced Subsidiary, an A-level in the British school system
  • Aggregate supply, in economics
  • Aksjeselskap, the term for a stock-based corporation in Norway
  • Aktieselskab, the term for a stock-based corporation in Denmark
  • Alan Shearer
  • Alaska Airlines, IATA airline designator
  • alayhi is-salaam, an Arabic transliteration for Peace be upon him
  • Alexander Solzhenitsyn
  • American Samoa, 2-letter ISO country code
    • .as is the ccTLD for American Samoa
  • Angelman syndrome
  • Ankylosing spondylitis
  • Anti-submarine - when written A/S
  • Aortic stenosis
  • Application Server
  • Arion Salazar, bassist for Third Eye Blind
  • Arrow Sport, a not-for-profit group run by the Archery Trade Association to promote the sport of archery
  • Armstrong Siddeley, a manufacturer of piston aircraft engines in the 1920s.
  • Asheville School, a boarding school in North Carolina
  • Asperger syndrome
  • Associate of Science
  • Australia, obsolete NATO digram
  • Autistic spectrum
  • Autonomous system (Internet)
  • Submarine tender, US Navy hull classification symbol
  • Ashlee Simpson, a pop music singer
  • Audioscrobbler, now Last.fm, a social music website

As

  • Chemistry
    • arsenic (As), chemical symbol for the chemical element
  • Mythology:
    • Aesir, in Norse mythology
    • Ash (god), alternate spelling in Egyptian mythology
  • Geography:
    • As (municipality), Belgium
    • Ås, Askershus fylke, Norway
    • Ås, Krokoms kommun, Sweden
    • Ås, Nora kommun, Sweden
    • Ås, Gislaveds kommun, Sweden
    • Aš, a town in the Czech Republic
  • As (coin) in Ancient Rome valued at 1/16 of a denarius
  • As, a song by Stevie Wonder, later also recorded by Elkie Brooks then George Michael featuring Mary J. Blige

aS

  • attosiemens, an SI unit of electric conductance

as

  • as (Unix), the GNU assembler
  • Alto saxophone, Musical instrument, reed
  • Assamese language (as), ISO 639 alpha-2 language code
  • attosecond (as), an SI unit of time
  • "as", a conjunction or preposition in the English language with various meanings. It usally means "like"
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org../../../a/s/_/AS_a2c2.html"

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A

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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Look up A, a in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Basic Latin alphabet
  Aa Bb Cc Dd  
Ee Ff Gg Hh Ii Jj
Kk Ll Mm Nn Oo Pp
Qq Rr Ss Tt Uu Vv
  Ww Xx Yy Zz  

The letter A is the first letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is a (IPA /eɪ/).

Contents

  • 1 History
  • 2 Usage
  • 3 Codes for computing
  • 4 Meanings of A
  • 5 References
  • 6 See also

History

The letter A began as a pictogram of an ox head in Egyptian hieroglyphs or the Proto-semitic alphabet.

Egyptian hieroglyph ox's head Proto-Semitic ox's head Phoenician aleph Greek Alpha Etruscan A Roman A

By 1600 BC, the Phoenician alphabet's letter had a linear form that served as the basis for some later forms. Its name must have corresponded closely to the Hebrew aleph. The name is also similar to the Arabic alif.

When the Ancient Greeks adopted the alphabet, they had no use for the glottal stop that the letter had denoted in Phoenician and other Semitic languages, so they used the sign for the vowel /a/, and changed its name to alpha. In the earliest Greek inscriptions after the Greek Dark Ages, dating to the 8th century BC, the letter rests upon its side, but in the Greek alphabet of later times it generally resembles the modern capital letter, although many local varieties can be distinguished by the shortening of one leg, or by the angle at which the cross line is set.

The Etruscans brought the Greek alphabet to what was Italy and left the letter unchanged. The Romans later adopted the Etruscan alphabet to write Latin, and the resulting letter was preserved in the modern Latin alphabet used to write many languages, including English.


Blackletter A

Uncial A

Another Capital A 

Modern Roman A

Modern Italic A

Modern Script A

The letter has two minuscule (lower-case) forms. The form used in most current handwriting consists of a circle and vertical stroke (ɑ). Most printed material uses a form consisting of a small loop with an arc over it (a). Both derive from the majuscule (capital) form. In Greek handwriting, it was common to join the left leg and horizontal stroke into a single loop, as demonstrated by the Uncial version shown. Many fonts then made the right leg vertical. In some of these, the serif that began the right leg stroke developed into an arc, resulting in the printed form, while in others it was dropped, resulting in the modern handwritten form.

Usage

In English, the letter "A" by itself usually denotes the near-open front unrounded vowel (/æ/) as in pad, the open back unrounded vowel (/ɑː/) as in father, or, in concert with a later orthographic vowel, the diphthong /eɪ/ (though the pronunciation varies with the dialect) as in ace and major, due to effects of the Great vowel shift.

In most other languages that use the Latin alphabet, the letter A denotes either an open back unrounded vowel (/ɑ/), or an open central unrounded vowel (/a/). In the International Phonetic Alphabet, variants of the letter A denote various vowels. In X-SAMPA, capital A denotes the open back unrounded vowel and lowercase a denotes the open front unrounded vowel.

A is the third-most common letter in English, and the second-most common in Spanish and French. On average, about 3.6% of letters in English tend to be as, while the number is 6.2% in Spanish and 4% in French.[1]

A also is the English indefinite article, extended to an before a vowel. See a, an.

A- also is a prefix that serves to negate the morpheme to which it is attached, such as amoral, apolitical, etc.

Codes for computing

Alternative representations of A
NATO phonetic Morse code
Alfa ·–
Signal flag Semaphore ASL Manual Braille

In Unicode the capital A is codepoint U+0041 and the lowercase a is U+0061.

In Hex, A is the character used to represent decimal 10, or in binary, 01010

The ASCII code for capital A is 65 and for lowercase a is 97; or in binary 01000001 and 01100001, correspondingly.

The EBCDIC code for capital A is 193 and for lowercase a is 129.

The numeric character references in HTML and XML are "A" and "a" for upper and lower case respectively.

Meanings of A

A on the wall of the Drachenschlucht Eisenach, Germany
  • In American Major League Baseball
    • the Oakland Athletics are often simply referred to as the "A's."
    • A can stand for Appearances or Assist
  • In astronomy,
    • A stands for a whitish-blue class of stars in the Morgan-Keenan system
    • A stands for a January 1 through 15 discovery, in the provisional designation of a comet (for example, C/1760 A1, the Great Comet of 1760) or asteroid (for example, (4099) 1988 AB5)
    • As a comet designation prefix, indicates an object that was at first mistakenly identified as a comet, but is actually a minor planet (for example, A/2005 JM3).
    • a is often used to denote the semi-major axis of an orbit
  • In biochemistry, A is the symbol for alanine, adenine, and adenosine.
  • Brassiere cup size A
  • In calendars, A is often an abbreviation for the months April and August.
  • In computing,
    • <a> is the HTML element for an anchor tag.
    • In the Mac OS, Command-A (for All), and in Windows, Ctrl-A, and selects all the text in the document, or all the pixels of an image.
    • A sometimes represents the set of all alphabetic characters within string patterns.
    • A: is the conventional address of the first floppy disk drive in CP/M-based operating systems such as DOS.
    • A is a security division ("Verified Protection") in the TCSEC.
  • In education, a grade of A typically represents the highest score that students can achieve. This is sometimes coupled with a plus/minus sign, as in A+ or A-, or a number, as in A1. It is occasionally a grade one level below A* (pronounced "A Star").
  • In electronics,
    • A is a standard size of battery.
    • A refers to the Anode, or filament, component of a vacuum tube.
  • In English, the word a is an indefinite article, see a, an
  • In Esperanto, -a is the adjectival/attributive ending; A is commonly an abbreviation meaning English (language).
  • In fiction, the letter worn by Hester Prynne marking her as an adulteress in the Nathaniel Hawthorne novel The Scarlet Letter was an A.
  • In film, A is an Italian film made in 1969.
  • In finance, A is the U.S. ticker symbol for Agilent Technologies.
  • In French,
    • a is the Third person singular conjugation, Present tense of the verb avoir: «il a»="he has".
    • à is a conjunction meaning either "with", "at", or "to": «à la carte», «à moi»; although «au» is used in place of «à le» (for masculine nouns) and «aux» is used in place of «à les» (for plural nouns).
  • In games, the letter A is used to mark each of the Aces in a deck of playing cards.
  • In geology it stands for annum (Latin for "year") and is usually used with Mega (Ma) and Giga (Ga) to indicate very long periods of time; see annum.
  • In Greek, a- is a prefix (alpha privativum) meaning "not" or "devoid of," used in many borrowed words in English, German and Romance languages (for example, amoral, asexual, arhythmic).
  • In Japanese, A is symbolic of the kana あ and ア and is used to represent the continent Asia.
  • In India A is a movie rating, given to those intended to be seen only by adults.
  • In Interlingua, a means at or to.
  • In international licence plate codes, A stands for Austria.
  • In international paper sizes, A is a series of sizes with an aspect ratio of roughly 70% width to height, with A4 being an example popular size.
  • In logic,
    • the letter A is used as a symbol for the universal affirmative proposition in the general form "all x is y." The letters I, E, and O are used respectively for the particular affirmative "some x is y," the universal negative "no x is y," and the particular negative "some x is not y." The use of these letters is generally derived from the vowels of the two Latin verbs affirmo (or AIo), "I assert," and nego, "I deny." The use of the symbols dates from the thirteenth century, though some authorities trace their origin to the Greek logicians.
    • In symbolic logic, the symbol ∀ (an inverted letter A) is the universal quantifier.
  • In mathematics,
    • A stands for area of geometric figures.
    • A is often used as a digit meaning ten in hexadecimal and other positional numeral systems with a radix of 11 or greater,
    • blackboard bold �dd38¸ (U+1D538 in Unicode), sometimes represents the algebraic numbers.
    • In the On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, each sequence has an ID consisting of the letter A and six base 10 digits.
  • In medicine, A (also, A+ or A-) is one of the human blood types.
  • In music,
    • A is a Pitch class or note.
    • A, or "side A," refers to the top or first side of a vinyl record.
    • A is a British rock band, not to be confused with the A Band, an experimental group.
    • A is an album by Jethro Tull.
    • A is an album by Cass McCombs.
  • In nutrition, A is a vitamin.
  • In photography, most SLR cameras use A to signify aperture priority mode, where the user sets the aperture and the camera determines the shutter speed.
  • In physics: A can stand for:
    • The mass number of an atom.
    • The derived property of acceleration (upper-case A for an initial/constant accleration value; lower case a for an instantaneous acceleration variable.)
    • The center of a hexagonal face of the Brillouin zone of a hexagonal lattice
  • In poetry, A is the major work of influential twentieth century author Louis Zukofsky.
  • In political theory, an A in a full circle (Ⓐ) is an anarchist symbol.
  • In Portuguese, it is either the feminine definite article or a preposition meaning "to", "toward".
  • As the first letter of a postal code,
    • In Canada, A stands for Newfoundland and Labrador.
  • In radio,
    • the NATO A band ranges below 0.25 GHz.
  • On the serial numbers of United States dollars, A identifies the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston.
  • In the SI system of units,
    • A is the symbol for the ampere or amp, the SI base unit of electric current.
    • a, atto, is the SI prefix meaning 10−18
    • a is the symbol for one year, from the Latin annum
    • a is also the deprecated symbol for the are, a unit of surface area equal to 100 square metres.
  • In Spanish, a means to or towards.
  • In some sports, A is an abbreviation for Assists.
    • A is also a term used to signify the standard of grade a certain team is in comparison to another team of the same age. e.g. John is in the A team for soccer.
  • In Christian theology, alpha is a metaphor for the beginning/creation of time and matter. It is sometimes translated to A.
  • As a timezone, A is the military designation for Coordinated Universal Time+1, also known as CET or Central European Time.
  • Topographically, A is used to describe an object shaped like the capital letter A, such as an A-frame.

References

  1. ^ Percentages of Letter frequencies per Thousand words. Retrieved on 2006-05-01.

See also

Wikisource has an original article from the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica about:
A
Wikimedia Commons has media related to:
A
  • Alpha
  • Cyrillic A
  • ª
  • Ã
  • Ä
  • Å (Aa)
  • Æ
  • Ă



Two-letter combinations
Aa Ab Ac Ad Ae Af Ag Ah Ai Aj Ak Al Am An Ao Ap Aq Ar As At Au Av Aw Ax Ay Az
AA AB AC AD AE AF AG AH AI AJ AK AL AM AN AO AP AQ AR AS AT AU AV AW AX AY AZ
Letter-digit & Digit-letter combinations
A0 A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 A9
0A 1A 2A 3A 4A 5A 6A 7A 8A 9A


The ISO basic Latin alphabet
Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn Oo Pp Qq Rr Ss Tt Uu Vv Ww Xx Yy Zz
history • palaeography • derivations • diacritics • punctuation • numerals • Unicode • list of letters

Index:A

ld:w

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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Statistics
Area: 55.8 km²
Population: 12,866 (2004)
Map

(IPA: [aʃ], German: Asch) is a city in the Karlovy Vary Region of the Czech Republic.

History

The town was founded in the 11th century by German colonists. The dialect spoken in the town was that of the Upper Palatinate, also known as northern Bavarian. In the adjacent Saxon Vogtland, which borders Karlovy Vary on the north, this dialect is only found in localities lying on the Czech border such as Adorf and Markneukirchen. The Upper Palatinate dialect has a stronger presence in the Bad Brambach region, where it is known as Southern Vogtlandic (Südvogtländisch).

The first recorded rulers were the Vögte von Weida, who gave the Bohemian Vogtland region its name. In 1281, they turned control of the region over to the Holy Roman Emperor.

1331 – Town and lands purchased by king John I of Bohemia.

1394 – Konrad von Neuburg dies without a male heir, and by virtue of Hedwig von Neuburg's marriage to Konrad von Zedtwitz, Aš passes into the control of the Zedtwitz family.

1557 – Region claimed for the Bohemian crown by Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor, bur remains Protestant.

1775 – Aš obtains freedom of religion from Maria Theresia.

1854 – A county legal code is granted to the region, ending five centuries of legal control by the Zedtwitz family.

1864 – Aš is linked to the Eger – Hof railway line.

1872 – City status obtained, as the population grows due to a flourishing textile industry.

1918 – A soldiers' council seizes power and rejects the demands of separatists from Eger for annexation to Bavaria.

1937 – The Third Reich aligned Sudeten German Party takes over in Aš. Czech residents leave.

March 21, 1938 – Aš region occupied by Sudeten German Freikorps.

1939 – Population approximately 23,000.

April 20, 1945 – Occupied by U.S. Army.

After the expulsion of Germans from Czechoslovakia in 1946, the city's population was reduced to scarcely half its former number. Factories and workplaces were closed. The population shrank further in 1950 due to the establishment of the Iron Curtain nearby, with more businesses shuttered.

External links

  • Official website (in Czech)

Coordinates: 50°13′N 12°11′E


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.as

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

.as
Introduced 1997
TLD type Country code top-level domain
Status Active
Registry AS Domain Registry
Sponsoring organization AS Domain Registry
Intended use Entities connected with American Samoa
Actual use Used for a random assortment of things, mostly not connected with American Samoa
Registration restrictions Domains may not be used for pornographic or racist material; registry has right of refusal for all applications
Structure Registrations are directly at second level
Documents Registry policy
Dispute policies UDRP
Web site AS Domain Registry

.as is the Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for American Samoa. It is administered by AS Domain Registry.

There is no restriction on the nationality of registrants, and many .as names are registered to and used by people, companies, and organizations with no connection to American Samoa. "AS" or "A/S" is a suffix indicating a joint stock company in some countries including Norway and Denmark, so this TLD gets some use by companies of this sort. "As" is also an English word, which may have motivated some registration domain hacks such as pass.as, among others. Also it is used in Asturias by lack of an own dominion.

External links

  • IANA .as whois information
  • As, a village in Belgium
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Ã

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

In Portuguese, the character Ã/ã represents a nasal central unrounded vowel, normally transcribed in IPA as /ɐ̃/ (its exact height varies from near-open to mid according to the speaker's dialect). Because it is a typically Portuguese character, it is sometimes used as a symbol of the Portuguese language.

Portuguese has five nasal vowels:

  • [ɐ̃] (ã, an, am)
  • [ẽ] (en, em)
  • [ĩ] (in, im)
  • [õ] (õ, on, om)
  • [ũ] (un, um)

As well as five nasal diphthongs:

  • [ɐ̃ĩ̯] (ãe)
  • [ɐ̃ũ̯] (ão, -am)
  • [ẽĩ̯] (-em, -en-)
  • [õĩ̯] (õe)
  • [ũĩ̯] (ui)

This symbol is also used in the Kashubian and Vietnamese languages.

See also

  • Õ
  • Tilde


The ISO basic Latin alphabet
Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn Oo Pp Qq Rr Ss Tt Uu Vv Ww Xx Yy Zz
history • palaeography • derivations • diacritics • punctuation • numerals • Unicode • list of letters


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Ä

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"Ä", or "ä", is a glyph which represents either a letter from several extended Latin alphabets, the letter A with umlaut or diaeresis.

Contents

  • 1 Letter Ä
  • 2 A-umlaut
  • 3 Typography
  • 4 Ä in Cyrillic
  • 5 See also

Letter Ä

Ä in German Sign Language

The letter Ä occurs in the Finnish, Swedish, Estonian, and Slovak alphabets, where it represents a vowel sound. In Finnish this is always [æ]; in Estonian regional variation allows for either [æ] and [ɛ]. In Swedish the letter is pronounced [æ] when directly preceding an r, elsewhere as [ɛ] (regional variations exist). Note that unlike the A umlaut (see below), the letter Ä cannot be written as "ae". In Finnish, for example, there are a large number of such minimal pairs, e.g. hän ~ haen "s/he ~ I seek".

In Swedish and Finnish, its name is Ä [æː], not "A with two dots", since Ä represents an unrelated phoneme to A. It is considered a distinct letter separate from A, and placed in the Swedish and Finnish alphabets after Z and Å but before Ö.

In the Slovak language Ä stands for [ɛ] (or a bit archaic but still correct [æ]). The diacritical sign is called dve bodky ("two dots"), and the full name of the letter "ä" is a s dvomi bodkami ("a with two dots").

A-umlaut

Johann Martin Schleyer proposed an alternate form for Ä in Volapük but it was rarely used. Its uppercase form resembled a Cyrillic ya.

A similar glyph, A with umlaut, appears in the German alphabet. It represents the umlauted form of a, resulting in [æ] or [ɛ]. With respect to diphthongs, Ä behaves as an E, e.g. Bäume /boimə/ (engl.: trees), just as if it was written Beume. The letter is collated together with A. The letter also occurs in some languages which have adopted German names or spellings, but is not a part of these languages' alphabets.

In other languages that do not have the letter as part of the regular alphabet or in limited character sets such as ASCII, A-umlaut is frequently replaced with the two-letter combination "ae".

In the Icelandic, Danish and Norwegian alphabets, A-umlaut is mostly replaced with its equivalent "Æ".

Typography

Historically A-diaeresis was written as an A with two dots above the letter. A-umlaut was written as an A with a small e written above: this minute e degenerated to two vertical bars in medieval handwritings. In most later handwritings these bars in turn nearly became dots.

Æ, a highly similar ligature evolving from the same origin as Ä, evolved in the Icelandic, Danish and Norwegian alphabets. The Æ ligature was also common in Old English, but had largely disappeared in Middle English.

In modern typography there was insufficient space on typewriters and later computer keyboards to allow for both A-diaeresis (also representing Ä) and A-umlaut. Since they looked near-identical the two glyphs were combined, which was also done in computer character encodings such as ISO 8859-1. As a result there was no way to differentiate between the different characters. While Unicode theoretically provides a solution, this is almost never used.

Ä is also used to represent the ə (the schwa sign) in situations where the glyph is unavailable, as used in the Tatar and Azeri languages. Turkmen started to use Ä officially instead of schwa.

The HTML entity for Ä is &Auml;. For ä, it is &auml; (Mnemonic for "A umlaut").

The Unicode code point for ä is U+00E4. Ä is U+00C4.

Ä in Cyrillic

Look up ä in
Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Ä is used in some alphabets invented in the 19th century which are based on the Cyrillic alphabet. These include Mari, Altay and the Keräşen Tatar alphabet.


The ISO basic Latin alphabet
Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn Oo Pp Qq Rr Ss Tt Uu Vv Ww Xx Yy Zz
history • palaeography • derivations • diacritics • punctuation • numerals • Unicode • list of letters

See also

  • Umlaut (diacritic)
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Ås

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Ås kommune
County Akershus
District Follo
Municipality NO-0214
Administrative centre Ås
Mayor (2003) Johan Alnes (Ap)
Official language form Neutral
Area
 - Total
 - Land
 - Percentage
Ranked 383
103 km²
101 km²
0.03 %
Population
 - Total (2005)
 - Percentage
 - Change (10 years)
 - Density
Ranked 67
14,472
0.31 %
17.3 %
140,4/km²
Coordinates 59°39′N, 10°47′E
www.as.kommune.no

Data from Statistics Norway

Coordinates: 59°39′N, 10°47′E

Ås is a municipality in the county of Akershus, Norway. It covers 103 km², and has 14,472 inhabitants as of January 1, 2005. Ås is best known for the Norwegian University of Life Sciences (UMB, formerly Agricultural University of Norway, NLH) and the Tusenfryd amusement park, though lesser recognised attractions as the DaVinci bridge are – unfortunately – often well kept secrets for tourists and unfamiliars. Ås has also raised widely known people as Vibeke Løkkeberg, Solveig Kringlebotn, Christian Magnus Falsen, Simen Agdestein and Knut Hjeltnes, among many others. Through Ås runs both European route E6 and European route E18 (the two largest highways of Norway), and many of the inhabitants commute to Oslo, the capital of Norway.

The most important source of income is agriculture. Ås is the largest agricultural municipal of Akershus, providing the whole region with corn and vegetables, plus dairy products. 80% of the land is cultivated, but that doesn’t prevent Ås from also being one of the leading municipals in Norway within technology, industry and a lot of other new developments in science and engineering.


The name

The municipality (originally the parish) is named after the old farm Ås (Norse Áss), since the first church was built there. The name is identical with the word áss m 'mountain ridge'.

Until 1921 the name was written "Aas".

Coat-of-arms

The coat-of-arms is from modern times (1982). The rhombus is meant to represent a Nøstvet ax (a type of stone ax from the Old Stone Age, found in the municipality). And the number of three is meant to represent the three parishes of the municipality: Ås, Kroer and Nordby.

The da Vinci bridge

A recreation in a smaller scale of a 240 m span bridge that Leonardo da Vinci proposed in 1502 for the crossing of the Bosphorus is located in the municipality. It was created by Norwegian painter and artist Vebjørn Sand as part of his Da Vinci project. The bridge serves as a pedestrian crossing over European route E18.

References


    Municipalities of Akershus

    Asker | Aurskog-Høland | Bærum | Eidsvoll | Enebakk | Fet | Frogn | Gjerdrum | Hurdal | Lørenskog | Nannestad | Nes | Nesodden | Nittedal | Oppegård | Rælingen | Skedsmo | Ski | Sørum | Ullensaker | Vestby | Ås

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Å

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The letter Å represents various o sounds in the Swedish, Danish, Norwegian, North Frisian, Walloon, Chamorro and Istro-Romanian language alphabets. Other alphabets using the letter include the Lule Sami, Skolt Sami and Southern Sami alphabet.

Å is often perceived as an A with a ring, interpreting the ring as a diacritical mark. However, in the languages that use it the ring is not considered a diacritic, but part of the letter. Rather, the letter developed as a form of semi-ligature of an A with another smaller a above it to denote a long a, similar to how the umlaut mark ¨ is developed from a small e written above the letter in question.

To many people it is most familiar as the "Ångström sign".

Contents

  • 1 Scandinavian languages
    • 1.1 Origin
    • 1.2 Transcription
    • 1.3 Use in names
    • 1.4 Place in alphabet
    • 1.5 Å as a word
  • 2 Walloon writing
  • 3 Istro-Romanian writing
  • 4 Symbol for ångström
  • 5 On computers
  • 6 Faux-Å
  • 7 See also
  • 8 External links

Scandinavian languages

Closeup on Å, Ä, and Ö on a Swedish/Finnish keyboard.

The letter Å in Scandinavian alphabets represents two sounds, one short and one long.

  • The short version (IPA /ɔ/) is similar in quality to, but shorter than, the vowel as pronounced in the words hall or dawn by speakers of Received Pronunciation (RP) and some conservative varieties of General American.
  • In Norwegian and Swedish, the long version (IPA /oː/) is similar to the 'o' in cold as spoken in North American English (but not as in RP). In Danish, the long version is pronounced (IPA /ɔː/), similar to the vowel as pronounced in the words hall or dawn by speakers of Received Pronunciation (RP) and some conservative varieties of General American.

Origin

In historical linguistics the Å-sound has the same origin as the long /aː/ sound in German Aal and Haar (Scandinavian ål, hår, English "eel", "hair").

Historically the letter Å is correspondent to the Old Norse vowel á. This was a long /aː/ sound, but over time, the vowel developed to an [ɔ](open o) sound. Medieval writing often used doubled letters for long vowels, and the vowel continued to be written Aa. In Swedish the letter Å replaced Aa in the 16th century.

In an attempt to modernize the orthography, linguists tried to introduce the Å to Danish and Norwegian writing in the 19th century. Most people felt no need for the new letter, although the letter group Aa had already been pronounced like Å for centuries all over Scandinavia. Aa was usually treated as a single letter, spoken like the present Å when spelling out names or words. Orthography reforms making Å official were carried out in Norway in 1917 and in Denmark in 1948. It has been argued that the Å only made its way to official Danish spelling due to anti-German and pro-Scandinavian sentiment after World War II. Danish had been the only language apart from German to use capitalized nouns, but abolished them at the same occasion.

Icelandic and Faroese are the only Scandinavian languages not to use the letter Å. The Old Norse letter á is retained, but has become a diphtong, pronounced [au] in Icelandic and [ɔa] in Faroese. The short variation of Faroese á is pronunced [ɔ], though.

Transcription

Since Å is a letter with a distinct sound, not an A with an accent, it is best to keep it when referring to Scandinavian words and names in other languages. However, in Danish and Norwegian, Aa is widely known as the old way of writing Å, used until first part of the 20th century, and a fully functional transcription for Å when using a foreign keyboard.

Use in names

In some names of geographical places, the old Aa spelling is dominating, more often in Denmark than in Norway. Locals of Aalborg and Aabenraa resist the Å, whereas Århus and Ålesund rarely are seen with Aa spelling. Official rules allow both forms in the most common cases, but Å is always correct.

In personal names the bearer of the name uses Aa or Å according to his choice. Most people keep to the traditional Aa style, Aagaard being much more common than Ågård.

Company names are also written as the owner decides. Sometimes the Aa spelling is used to imply a conservative or nostalgic feeling.

It is also common for people whose last name begins with "Aa" to use this in their initials. For instance, a person named Hans Aaberg could therefore use the initials "H.Aa." instead of "H.A.".


Place in alphabet

Correct alphabetization in Danish and Norwegian places Aa along with Å as the last letter in the alphabet, the sequence being Æ, Ø, Å/Aa. Unless manually corrected, a sorting algorithms of programs localised for Danish or Norwegian will place e.g. Aaron after Zorro. In Danish / Norwegian books, a distinction is made between foreign and local words so e.g. the German city Aachen would be listed under "A" but the Danish city "Aabenraa" would be listed after "Z".

In the Swedish alphabet, Å is sorted after Z, as the third letter from the end, the sequence being Å, Ä, Ö. In the Finnish alphabet, it is carried over from the Swedish alphabet, but has no native use and is treated as in Swedish, but its usage is limited to names of Swedish origin.

Å as a word

In the Norwegian, Danish and Swedish languages, å is also a word, meaning a stream or a small river, and thus common in place names. In standard Norwegian and frequently in spoken Swedish it is also the mark for infinitive: å ta = "to take".

Walloon writing

Å was introduced to some local variants of eastern-Walloon dialect at the beginning of the 20th century, initially to note the same sound as in Danish. Its use quickly spread to all the eastern-Walloon dialects, through the cultural influence of the city of Liège, and covered three sounds, a long open o, a long close o, or a long a, depending on the local varieties. The use of a single å letter to cover those pronunciations has been embraced by the new pan-Walloon orthography, that systemizes a unique orthography for words that are the same, regardless of the local phonetic variations.

In non-standardized writings outside the Liège area, words containing the å letter are written with au, â or ô depending on the pronunciation. For example the word måjhon (house) in standardized orthography is written môjo, mâhon, mohone, maujon in dialectal writings.

Istro-Romanian writing

The Istro-Romanian alphabet is based on the standard Romanian alphabet with three additional letters used to mark sounds specific only to this dialect: å, ľ and ń. The letter å represents the [ɔ] sound as in Scandinavian languages.

Symbol for ångström

The letter "Å" (U+00C5) is also used throughout the world as the international symbol for the non-SI unit ångström, a physical unit of length named after the Swedish physicist Anders Jonas Ångström. It is always upper case in this context. (Symbols for units named for persons are generally upper-case.) Unicode also has encoded U+212B for the Ångström symbol. However, that is canonically equivalent to the ordinary letter Å. The duplicate encoding at U+212B is due to round-trip mapping compatibility with an East-Asian character encoding, and should be seen as a mistake not to be used.

On computers

Danish keyboard with keys for Æ, Ø and Å.
On Norwegian keyboards the Æ and Ø trade places.

For computers, when using the ISO 8859-1 or Unicode sets, the codes for "Å" and "å" are respectively 197 and 229, or C5 and E5 in hexadecimal.

In (X)HTML character entity references, required in cases where the letter is not available by ordinary coding, the codes are &Aring; and &aring;; or &#xC5; and &#xE5;. The latter codes can used in any XML application when the letter is not directly available in the character encoding used.

On an X window system with Compose key enabled, press Compose and then aa, or Compose and then a*.

To type "å" with an US-International keyboard layout on Microsoft Windows, hold the right-Alt and the "w" key, and the Å in the same way with the addition of the Shift key . Or hold the Alt key and type 0197 or 143 on the numeric keypad for "Å", and for "å" hold the Alt key and type 0229 or 134 on the numeric keypad.

To type "Å" with an Apple Computer using a US keyboard layout, hold the Option key and the Shift key simultaneously and type the A key. To type "å" with an Apple Computer, hold the Option key and type the A key.

Faux-Å

The logo of the Major League Baseball team now known as the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim is a capital "A" with a halo. Due to the resemblance, many Angels fans often type the name as "Ångels". This usage is similar to a heavy metal umlaut. Occasionally they use "Å" and "å" in other words, such as "Ånåheim", "chåmpionship", and "rålly monkey".

The logo of the TV series Stargate resembles "STARGÅTE".

In Finnish, writing 'o' as 'å' is used as a comical device for the Swedish language, in a manner similar to using faux Cyrillic for Russian.

See also

  • Ring (diacritic)
  • Æ
  • Ø
  • Ö
  • Ä
  • Ångström

External links

  • The Nordic graphemes FAQ
  • The IstroRomanians in Croatia: Alphabet
The ISO basic Latin alphabet
Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn Oo Pp Qq Rr Ss Tt Uu Vv Ww Xx Yy Zz
history • palaeography • derivations • diacritics • punctuation • numerals • Unicode • list of letters
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org../../../%C3%A5/_/_/%C3%85.html"

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Licence : Wikipedia. This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License.

Ā

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Ā, lowercase ā, is a grapheme, a Latin A with a macron, is used in several orthographies.

In the Latvian alphabet, Ā represents a distinct vowel and comes after A and before B in alphabetical order: for instance baznīca comes before bārda in a Latvian dictionary. It is considered as a separate letter in the Latvian alphabet. Ā is used to denote a long A in Latvian.

In some languages Ā is used to denote a long A. Examples are the Polynesian languages, including Māori, some romanizations of Japanese (rōmaji) and Arabic, and some Latin texts (especially for learners). It is used in some orthography-based transcriptions of English to represent the diphthong [eɪ] ([eː] in some dialects), and also in commercial names such as Drāno and Powerāde.

In Pinyin, Ā denotes A in the first tone of Mandarin Chinese.

In all these languages, Ā is sorted with other As and is not considered a separate letter. The macron is only considered when sorting words that are otherwise identical. For example, in Māori, tāu (meaning your) comes after tau (meaning year), but before taumata (hill).

Unicode

In Unicode, Ā is code 256 (hex 100) and ā is code 257 (hex 101). These are the first codes that come after the initial ISO-8859-1 subset of Unicode.

The ISO basic Latin alphabet
Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn Oo Pp Qq Rr Ss Tt Uu Vv Ww Xx Yy Zz
history • palaeography • derivations • diacritics • punctuation • numerals • Unicode • list of letters
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org../../../%C4%81/_/_/%C4%80.html"

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Licence : Wikipedia. This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License.

Ă

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

You have new messages (last change).

Ă (upper case) or ă (lower case), usually referred to in English as A-breve, is a letter used in standard Romanian language and Vietnamese language orthographies. In Romanian, it is used to represent the mid-central unrounded vowel, while in Vietnamese it represents the short a sound. It is the second letter of both the Romanian and the Vietnamese alphabets.

Ă/ă is also used in official transcription of Bulgarian letter Ъ/ъ into the Czech and Slovak languages.

Romanian

The sound represented in Romanian by ă, although called a schwa (misleadingly suggesting an unstressed lax sound), is a vowel in its own right. Unlike English or French, but similar to Bulgarian and Afrikaans, it can be stressed. There are words in which it is the only vowel, such as "măr" /mər/ (apple) or "văd" /vəd/ (I see). Additionally, some words which also contain other vowels can have the stress on ă, like in the examples "cărțile" /'kər.ʦi.le/ (the books) and "odăi" /o'dəj/ (rooms).

See also

Look up ă in
Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
  • А with breve, Cyrillic letter а with breve, visually indistinguishable
  • Breve
The ISO basic Latin alphabet
Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn Oo Pp Qq Rr Ss Tt Uu Vv Ww Xx Yy Zz
history • palaeography • derivations • diacritics • punctuation • numerals • Unicode • list of letters
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org../../../%C4%83/_/_/%C4%82.html"

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Licence : Wikipedia. This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License.

Ȧ

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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Ȧ (minuscule: ȧ) is a letter of the Latin alphabet, derived from A with the addition of a dot above the letter. It is occasionally used as a phonetic symbol for a low central vowel (IPA: ɐ̞).

References

  • Pullum, Geoffrey K.; Ladusaw, William A. (1996). Phonetic Symbol Guide. University of Chicago Press, 3. 
The ISO basic Latin alphabet
Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn Oo Pp Qq Rr Ss Tt Uu Vv Ww Xx Yy Zz
history • palaeography • derivations • diacritics • punctuation • numerals • Unicode • list of letters
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org../../../%C8%A7/_/_/%C8%A6.html"

This entry is from Wikipedia, the leading user-contributed encyclopedia. It may not have been reviewed by professional editors (see full disclaimer) . Donate to wikipedia.

Licence : Wikipedia. This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License.

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

You have new messages (last change).

(minuscule: ) is a letter of the Latin alphabet, derived from A with the addition of a ring below the letter.

In the International Phonetic Alphabet, the lowercase is used to represent a voiceless low front unrounded vowel.

Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org../../../%E1%B8%81/_/_/%E1%B8%80.html"

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Licence : Wikipedia. This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License.

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