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Old English prepositions
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This is a list of prepositions in the Old English language. Many of them, particularlythose marked "etc.", are found in other variant spellings. Prepositions may govern theaccusative, genitive, dative or instrumentalcases - the question of which is beyond the scope of this short article.
| Prepositions | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Old English | Definition | Notes | ||||
| æfter | after; along, through, during; according to, by means of; about. | Ancestor of modern after | ||||
| ǣr | before | Related to modern German eher, ancestor of modern ere | ||||
| æt | at, to, before, next, with, in, for, against; unto, as far as. | Ancestor of modern at | ||||
| and | against, before, on. | |||||
| andlang | along | Ancestor of modern along | ||||
| bæftan | after, behind; without. | |||||
| be, bī | by, near to, to, at, in, on, upon, about, with; of, from, about, touching, concerning; for, because of, after, by, through, according to; beside, out of. | Related to modern German bei, ancestor of modern by | ||||
| befōran | before. | Ancestor of modern before | ||||
| begeondan | beyond. | Ancestor of modern beyond | ||||
| behindan | behind. | Ancestor of modern behind | ||||
| beinnan | in, within. | |||||
| beneoðan | beneath. | Ancestor of modern beneath | ||||
| betweonum, betweox, etc. | betwixt, between, among, amid, in the midst. | Ancestors of modern between and betwixt respectively | ||||
| bīrihte | near. | |||||
| būfan | above. | Ancestor of modern above through compound form onbúfan | ||||
| būtan | out of, against; without, except. | |||||
| eāc | with, in addition to, besides. | Related to modern German auch | ||||
| for | for, on account of, because of, with, by; according to; instead of. | Ancestor of modern for | ||||
| fōr, fōre | before. | |||||
| fram | from; concerning, about, of. | Ancestor of modern from | ||||
| gemang | among | Ancestor of modern among | ||||
| geond | through, throughout, over, as far as, among, in, after, beyond. | Ancestor of modern yonder through comparative form geondra | ||||
| in | in, on; into, to. | Ancestor of modern in | ||||
| innan | in, into, within, from within. | |||||
| intō | into | Ancestor of modern into | ||||
| mid | with, against | Ancestor of modern amid through related form onmiddan | ||||
| neāh | near | Ancestor of modern nigh | ||||
| nefne | except | |||||
| of | of, from, out of, off. | Ancestor of modern of and off | ||||
| ofer | above, over; upon, on; throughout; beyond, more than | Ancestor of modern over | ||||
| on | on; in, at; | Ancestor of modern on | ||||
| onbūtan | about | Ancestor of modern about | ||||
| ongeagn, etc. | opposite, against; towards; in reply to. | Ancestor of modern again | ||||
| onuppan | upon, on. | |||||
| oþ | to, unto, up to, as far as. | |||||
| samod | with, at. | |||||
| tō | to, at. | Ancestor of modern to | ||||
| tōeācan | in addition to, besides. | |||||
| tōforan | before. | |||||
| tōgeagnes | towards, against. | |||||
| tōmiddes | in the midst of, amidst. | |||||
| tōweard | toward. | Ancestor of modern toward | ||||
| þurh | through | Related to modern German durch, ancestor of modern through | ||||
| ufenan | above, besides. | |||||
| under | under. | Ancestor of modern under | ||||
| underneoþan | underneath. | Ancestor of modern underneath | ||||
| uppan | upon, on. | Not the ancestor of modern upon, which came from "up on". | ||||
| ūtan | without, outside of | Related to modern German außen, außer | ||||
| wið | towards, to; with, against; opposite to; by, near. | Ancestor of modern with | ||||
| wiðæftan | behind. | |||||
| wiðer | against. | Related to modern German wider | ||||
| wiðinnan | within. | Ancestor of modern within | ||||
| wiðforan | before. | |||||
| wiðoutan | without, outside of. | Ancestor of modern without | ||||
| ymb | about, by. | Related to Latin ambi | ||||
| ymbūtan | about, around; concerning. | |||||
