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Lexicon
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Look up lexicon in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
For other uses, see Lexicon (disambiguation).
Lexicon (Greek: λεξικόν) has two meanings. A lexicon can be a list of words together with additional word-specific information, i.e., a dictionary. In linguistics, the term more commonly refers to a language's inventory of lexemes, i.e. its vocabulary.
In the dictionary sense, the term is also sometimes used in the title of an encyclopedic dictionary or an encyclopedia, especially for 19th century works and those written in German (lexikon).
In the linguistic sense, the lexicon includes the lexemes used to actualize words. Lexemes are formed according to morpho-syntactic rules and express sememes. In this sense, a lexicon organizes the mental vocabulary in a speaker's mind: First, it organizes the vocabulary of a language according to certain principles (for instance, all verbs of motion may be linked in a lexical network) and second, it contains a generative device producing (new) simple and complex words according to certain lexical rules. For example, the suffix '-able' can be added to transitive verbs only such that we get 'read-able' but not '*cry-able'.
When linguists study the lexicon, they study such things as what words are, how the vocabulary in a language is structured, how people use and store words, how they learn words, the history and evolution of words (i.e. etymology), types of relationships between words as well as how words were created.
Furthermore an individual's lexical knowledge (or lexical concept) is that person's knowledge of vocabulary.
See also
- Glossary
- Lexeme
- Lexical word
- Morphology (linguistics)
Further reading
- Aitchison, Jean. Words in the Mind: An Introduction to the Mental Lexicon. Malden, Mass.: Blackwell, 2003.
External links
- Lexicon of Linguistics
- Users lexicon - create your custom lexicons
Categories: Lexis | Linguistics
